A clinical reference written by one EP — for staff, fellows, and trainees.

Active research interest in AI-enabled cardiac monitoring, hybrid surgical-catheter ablation for inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and resynchronization-therapy optimization. Site Principal Investigator on multiple multicenter trials (NODE-301, BEAT-HF, ANTHEM HFrEF, AdaptResponse, REVEAL-AF).

Recent peer-reviewed work includes:

• Bawa D, Ghazal R, Kabra R, et al. JACC Advances 2025; 4(10). Role of artificial intelligence in reducing data deluge from cardiac implantable electronic devices.
• Katapadi A, Chelikam N, Rosemas S, et al. JACC Advances 2025; 4(4). Impact of AI-enhanced insertable cardiac monitors on device-clinic workflow and resource utilization.
• de Asmundis C, Chierchia GB, Lakkireddy D, et al. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2022; 63(3): 531–44. Sinus-node-sparing novel hybrid approach for inappropriate / postural sinus tachycardia: multicenter experience.
• Colombowala I, Massumi A, Rasekh A, et al. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2010; 33(2): 129–34. Variability in post-pacing intervals predicts global ventricular activation pattern during tachycardia.
• Colombowala I, Massumi A, Rasekh A, et al. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2008; 19(2): 142–7. Variability in post-pacing intervals predicts global atrial activation pattern during tachycardia.

A complete bibliography is available on Dr. Colombowala's practice site.

The EP Staff Education reference is intended as a working clinical resource — the kind of mid-depth content a new EP tech, fellow, or allied-health team member would want at hand during a shift. It assumes a clinical-staff audience and uses clinical terminology without over-explaining the basics.

Scope:

• Conditions — AVNRT, AVRT (incl. WPW), atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter (typical and atypical), AV block, sinus node dysfunction, ventricular tachycardia, bundle branch blocks
• Procedures — AF / atrial flutter / SVT / VT / AVN ablations, EP study, pacemaker / ICD / CRT implants
• Devices — transvenous pacing, leadless pacing (Micra, Aveir), transvenous ICD, S-ICD, EV-ICD, CRT, loop recorder, WATCHMAN, Amulet — with interrogation walk-throughs (PBL-STOP / PBOP frameworks) and common-issue troubleshooting
• Drugs — heparin, protamine, midazolam/fentanyl, propofol, isoproterenol, adenosine, atropine, IV amiodarone
• Lab setup — sterile setup, room layout, patches and grounding, fluoroscopy safety, mapping stations (Carto 3, EnSite X, Affera Sphere-9, Rhythmia HDx), industry partners
• Emergencies — pericardiocentesis, tamponade recognition, code drugs / ACLS, transcutaneous pacing, defibrillation, anaphylaxis, sedation reversal, contrast reaction

Each entry includes a key-points block (what to remember in five lines), the technical body (procedure step-by-step, programming defaults, troubleshooting), and a manufacturer reference link where applicable.

Every entry is written or reviewed by Dr. Colombowala. The process:

• Last reviewed date on every entry. Changes to guidelines or FDA approvals trigger updates outside the quarterly cycle.
• Quarterly cycle — Dr. Colombowala re-reads every entry at least four times a year. HRS, ACC/AHA, ESC, and EHRA publications are tracked for relevant updates.
• Manufacturer references link to the official product pages so you can read the source documentation.
• Reader feedback — corrections welcome via the practice contact page. Every message is reviewed.

This is a single-author resource — that is intentional. A small consistency of voice and clinical perspective is the value. We do not currently host an editorial board, but if you are a senior EP, fellowship director, or allied-health leader who would consider a quarterly review role, please reach out.

This reference is self-funded by Dr. Colombowala. Editorial content is not sponsored or reviewed by any commercial entity. Specifically:

• No advertising on these pages.
• No industry sponsorship for the reference itself. No manufacturer, pharma company, or hospital funds, sponsors, or reviews content here.
• No data selling. Cloudflare Web Analytics counts page views in aggregate; no individual tracking.
• No paywall. All content is free to read.

Disclosures. Dr. Colombowala serves as Chief Medical and Compliance Officer at Octagos Health, a cardiac-monitoring company. He has had past or current research-investigator, advisory-board, course-director, proctoring, or speaking relationships with Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott, BMS-Pfizer, LivaNova, CVRx, AtriCure, Biotronik, Zoll, and Milestone Pharmaceuticals. None of these companies fund this reference or review entries before publication. Where a specific product is covered in a way that is material to a disclosed relationship, the relationship is noted on that entry.

Manufacturer links on device pages point to official product documentation. These are reference links, not affiliate links.

The written content is © 2026 Ilyas K. Colombowala, MD. All rights reserved. Reproduction or republication without written permission is prohibited.

Linking is encouraged. If you train staff, fellows, NPs, PAs, or technologists and want to point them here, please link directly to entries. This is the easiest way to use the resource.

Internal use within a training program — printing entries for an in-house orientation packet, sharing the URL in a fellowship intranet, or using key-points blocks as discussion starters in a journal club is encouraged. We ask that the source is cited.

Suggested citation: Colombowala IK. [Entry title]. EP Staff Education. professional.colombowala.com/[path]. Updated [last_reviewed date].

Commercial reuse requires written permission. Please reach out via the practice contact page.